See commence on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to stop",
"word": "stop"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”",
"word": "end"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”",
"word": "cease"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to finish",
"word": "finish"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”",
"word": "conclude"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”",
"word": "complete"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "commenceable"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "commencen"
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"expansion": "Middle English commencen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "comencier",
"4": "comencer"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman comencer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*cominitiāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "com-"
},
"expansion": "Latin com-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English commencen, comencen (also as contracted comsen, cumsen), from Anglo-Norman comencer, from Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre, formed from Latin com- + initiō (whence English initiate).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "commences",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "commenced",
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"participle",
"past"
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{
"form": "commenced",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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"word": "commencement"
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"ref": "1601, William Shakespeare, The Phoenix and the Turtle:",
"text": "Here the anthem doth commence:",
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"ref": "1770, Oliver Goldsmith, “The Deserted Village”, in The Miscellaneous Works of Oliver Goldsmith, London: W. Griffin, published 1775, page 164:",
"text": "His heaven commences ere the world be past!",
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"ref": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 4, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:",
"text": "He commenced dressing at top by donning his beaver hat, a very tall one, by the by, and then—still minus his trowsers—he hunted up his boots.",
"type": "quotation"
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"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter IV, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "Then he commenced to talk, really talk. and inside of two flaps of a herring's fin he had me mesmerized, like Eben Holt's boy at the town hall show. He talked about the ills of humanity, and the glories of health and Nature and service and land knows what all.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To begin, start."
],
"id": "en-commence-en-verb-3rcfkcNM",
"links": [
[
"begin",
"begin"
],
[
"start",
"start"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To begin, start."
],
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"intransitive"
]
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"ref": "1976 December 11, Thom Willenbecher, quoting Jean O'Leary, “Women's Caucus Quits Gay Academic Union”, in Gay Community News, volume 4, number 24, page 1:",
"text": "The speeches commenced three days of workshops, seminars, and cultural activities.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To begin, start."
],
"id": "en-commence-en-verb-3rcfkcNM1",
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"begin",
"begin"
],
[
"start",
"start"
]
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"(transitive) To begin, start."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
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"text": "At dawn we'll commence to drive.",
"type": "example"
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"glosses": [
"To begin or start."
],
"id": "en-commence-en-verb-h7ZsSFq1",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Appalachia, intransitive, with to) To begin or start."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with to"
],
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"intransitive"
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"ref": "1743, Robert Drury, The Pleasant, and Surprizing Adventures of Mr. Robert Drury, during his Fifteen Years Captivity on the Island of Madagascar, London, page 126:",
"text": "[…] he furnish’d me with a Gun, Cartouch-box, and Powder-horn, &c. and thus accouter’d I commenc’d Soldier.",
"type": "quotation"
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"ref": "1825, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Aids to Reflection in the Formation of a Manly Character, London: Taylor & Hessey, Prudential Aphorisms, Aphorism 15, page 48:",
"text": "When we are wearied of the trouble of prosecuting crimes at the bar, we commence judges ourselves […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To begin to be, or to act as."
],
"id": "en-commence-en-verb-~qBV6hXY",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To begin to be, or to act as."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
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"name": "British English",
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"ref": "1655, Thomas Fuller, “The Seventh Century”, in The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI), page 75:",
"text": "[…] I question whether the Formality of Commencing was used in that Age: inclining rather to the negative, that such Distinction of Graduates was then unknown […]",
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"ref": "1861, George John Gray, Athenae Cantabrigienses: 1586-1609, page 272:",
"text": "[…] was admitted a minor fellow of his college 4 Oct. 1591, a major fellow 11 March 1591-2, and commenced M.A. in 1592.",
"type": "quotation"
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],
"glosses": [
"To take a degree at a university."
],
"id": "en-commence-en-verb-rqMBzVGK",
"links": [
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"degree"
],
[
"university",
"university"
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"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, intransitive, dated) To take a degree at a university."
],
"tags": [
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"dated",
"intransitive"
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"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kəˈmɛns/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/kəˈmens/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛns"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "begin"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "sksel",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "սկսել"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "başlamaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pačynácʹ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
],
"word": "пачына́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pačácʹ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пача́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pačynácca",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
],
"word": "пачына́цца"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pačácca",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пача́цца"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zapóčvam",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "запо́чвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zapóčna",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "запо́чна"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "načévam",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "наче́вам"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "podémam",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "поде́мам"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "començar"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "kāishǐ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "開始 /开始"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "begynde"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "aanvangen"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "komenci"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "komenciĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "aloittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "commencer"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "comezar"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "dac̣q̇eba",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "დაწყება"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "anfangen"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "beginnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "archízo",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "αρχίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "komanse"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "elkezd"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "comenciar"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "cominciare"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hajimaru",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "始まる"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hajimeru",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "始める"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "begynne"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "påbegynne"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "Aagaaz Kardan",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "آغاز کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "poczać"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "poczynać"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "começar"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "începe"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "načinátʹ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "начина́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "načinátʹsja",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "начина́ться"
},
{
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"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
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"sense": "begin, start",
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"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
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"sense": "begin, start",
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"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
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"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "magsimula"
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"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
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{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
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{
"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
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"word": "açmak"
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"_dis1": "39 39 12 9 0",
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"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
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"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
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"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
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"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter IV, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "Then he commenced to talk, really talk. and inside of two flaps of a herring's fin he had me mesmerized, like Eben Holt's boy at the town hall show. He talked about the ills of humanity, and the glories of health and Nature and service and land knows what all.",
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"To begin, start."
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"(intransitive) To begin, start."
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],
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"To begin, start."
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"(transitive) To begin, start."
],
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"To begin or start."
],
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"(Appalachia, intransitive, with to) To begin or start."
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"ref": "1743, Robert Drury, The Pleasant, and Surprizing Adventures of Mr. Robert Drury, during his Fifteen Years Captivity on the Island of Madagascar, London, page 126:",
"text": "[…] he furnish’d me with a Gun, Cartouch-box, and Powder-horn, &c. and thus accouter’d I commenc’d Soldier.",
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"ref": "1825, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Aids to Reflection in the Formation of a Manly Character, London: Taylor & Hessey, Prudential Aphorisms, Aphorism 15, page 48:",
"text": "When we are wearied of the trouble of prosecuting crimes at the bar, we commence judges ourselves […]",
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"To begin to be, or to act as."
],
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"(transitive) To begin to be, or to act as."
],
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]
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"ref": "1655, Thomas Fuller, “The Seventh Century”, in The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI), page 75:",
"text": "[…] I question whether the Formality of Commencing was used in that Age: inclining rather to the negative, that such Distinction of Graduates was then unknown […]",
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"ref": "1861, George John Gray, Athenae Cantabrigienses: 1586-1609, page 272:",
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"To take a degree at a university."
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"(UK, intransitive, dated) To take a degree at a university."
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"ipa": "/kəˈmɛns/",
"tags": [
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"General-American",
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{
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{
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],
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{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "sksel",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "սկսել"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "başlamaq"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pačynácʹ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
],
"word": "пачына́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pačácʹ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пача́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
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"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pačynácca",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
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"intransitive"
],
"word": "пачына́цца"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pačácca",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пача́цца"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zapóčvam",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "запо́чвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zapóčna",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "запо́чна"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "načévam",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "наче́вам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "podémam",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "поде́мам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "començar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "kāishǐ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "開始 /开始"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "begynde"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "aanvangen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "komenci"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "komenciĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "aloittaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "commencer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "comezar"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "dac̣q̇eba",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "დაწყება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "anfangen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "beginnen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "archízo",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "αρχίζω"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "komanse"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "elkezd"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "comenciar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "cominciare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hajimaru",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "始まる"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hajimeru",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "始める"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "begynne"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "påbegynne"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "Aagaaz Kardan",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "آغاز کردن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "poczać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "poczynać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "começar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "începe"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "načinátʹ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "начина́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "načinátʹsja",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "начина́ться"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pričeti"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pričenjati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "incoar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "börja"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "begynna"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "magsimula"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "başlamak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "başlatmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "açmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "počynáty",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
],
"word": "почина́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "počáty",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "поча́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "počynátysja",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
],
"word": "почина́тися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "počátysja",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "поча́тися"
}
],
"word": "commence"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "commence",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "commencer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of commencer:",
"first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"commencer",
"commencer#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "commencer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of commencer:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"commencer",
"commencer#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Pamputt-commence.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-commence.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-commence.wav.mp3",
"note": "Brétigny-sur-Orge",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-commence.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-commence.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-commence.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-commence.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-commence.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-commence.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-commence.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
}
],
"word": "commence"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lou",
"2": "fr",
"3": "commencer",
"4": "",
"5": "to commence"
},
"expansion": "French commencer (“to commence”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "kòmanse"
},
"expansion": "Haitian Creole kòmanse",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French commencer (“to commence”), compare Haitian Creole kòmanse.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lou",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "commence",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Louisiana Creole",
"lang_code": "lou",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Louisiana Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"Louisiana Creole lemmas",
"Louisiana Creole terms derived from French",
"Louisiana Creole terms inherited from French",
"Louisiana Creole verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to begin, commence"
],
"links": [
[
"begin",
"begin"
],
[
"commence",
"commence"
]
]
}
],
"word": "commence"
}
Download raw JSONL data for commence meaning in All languages combined (17.1kB)
{
"called_from": "page/2530",
"msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: </table></div></div>\n\n",
"path": [
"commence"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "commence",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"commence",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Louisiana Creole",
"subsection": "",
"title": "commence",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 58333742<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 26 Aug 2026 09:16:52 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"commence",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Louisiana Creole",
"subsection": "",
"title": "commence",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 55286589<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 26 Aug 2026 09:17:47 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.